Back Pain Risk Score Calculator
ANA›Life Services Authority›National Calculator Authority›Back Pain Risk Score Calculator
.calc-container { max-width: 640px; margin: 2rem 0; padding: 1.5rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif; } .calc-container h3 { font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #1a1a1a; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ac, #3d5a80); } .calc-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; flex-wrap: wrap; } .calc-row label { min-width: 160px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: #333; font-weight: 500; } .calc-row input[type="number"], .calc-row select { flex: 1; min-width: 120px; max-width: 200px; padding: 0.5rem 0.6rem; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 0.9rem; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; color: #1a1a1a; background: #fafaf8; } .calc-row input:focus, .calc-row select:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(26,74,138,0.12); } .calc-row .unit { font-size: 0.82rem; color: #888; min-width: 30px; } .calc-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding: 0.55rem 1.5rem; background: var(--ac, #3d5a80); color: #fff; border: none; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; } .calc-btn:hover { opacity: 0.9; } .calc-result { margin-top: 1.25rem; padding: 1rem 1.25rem; background: #f0f6fc; border-left: 3px solid var(--ac, #3d5a80); border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; display: none; } .calc-result.visible { display: block; } .calc-result-label { font-size: 0.78rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: #666; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; } .calc-result-value { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); } .calc-result-detail { font-size: 0.85rem; color: #555; margin-top: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.5; } .calc-note { margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #888; font-style: italic; } .calc-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0.75rem; margin-top: 0.75rem; } .calc-grid-item { padding: 0.6rem 0.8rem; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #eee; } .calc-grid-item .label { font-size: 0.75rem; color: #888; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em; } .calc-grid-item .value { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 600; color: #1a1a1a; } @media (max-width: 720px) { .calc-row { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.3rem; } .calc-row label { min-width: auto; } .calc-row input[type="number"], .calc-row select { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; } .calc-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } } .calc-chart { margin: 1rem 0; text-align: center; } .calc-chart svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } .calc-chart-legend { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 0.6rem 1.2rem; margin-top: 0.6rem; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #555; } .calc-chart-legend span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.3rem; } .calc-chart-legend i { display: inline-block; width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 2px; font-style: normal; } .calc-related { max-width: 640px; margin: 2rem 0 1rem; padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #e8e8e8; border-radius: 8px; } .calc-related h3 { font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 1rem; color: #1a1a1a; margin: 0 0 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0.4rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ac, #3d5a80); } .calc-related-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 0.75rem; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0.4rem 1.5rem; } .calc-related-list li a { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); text-decoration: none; } .calc-related-list li a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .calc-browse-all { margin: 0.5rem 0 0; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; } .calc-browse-all a { color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); text-decoration: none; } .calc-browse-all a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } @media (max-width: 720px) { .calc-related-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
Back Pain Risk Score Calculator
Estimates the risk of chronic or disabling low back pain using a validated psychosocial and physical screening approach based on the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST). Stratifies patients into low, medium, or high risk to guide treatment decisions.
### Physical & Functional Symptoms
- My back pain has spread down my leg(s) at some time in the last 2 weeks
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
- I have had pain in the shoulder or neck at some time in the last 2 weeks
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
- I have only walked short distances because of my back pain
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
- In the last 2 weeks, I have dressed more slowly than usual because of back pain
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
### Psychosocial Factors (Distress Subscale)
- It is not really safe for a person with a condition like mine to be physically active
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
- Worrying thoughts have been going through my mind a lot of the time
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
- I feel that my back pain is terrible and it is never going to get any better
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
- In general I have not enjoyed all the things I used to enjoy
-- Select -- Disagree Agree
### Overall Bothersomeness
- Overall, how bothersome has your back pain been in the last 2 weeks?
-- Select -- Not at all / Slightly Moderately / Very much / Extremely
Calculate Risk Score
function bacCalc() { var fields = [ 'bac_pain_spread', 'bac_shoulder_pain', 'bac_walk_carefully', 'bac_dressed_slowly', 'bac_not_safe', 'bac_worrying', 'bac_not_enjoyed', 'bac_overall_not_enjoyed', 'bac_bothersome' ];
var values = []; for (var i = 0; i ⚠ Please answer all 9 questions before calculating.'; return; } values.push(parseInt(el.value)); }
// Total score = sum of all 9 items (0–9) var totalScore = 0; for (var j = 0; j = 4 && distressScore ' + '### Result: ' + riskLevel + ' ' + '' + 'ParameterScore' + 'Total SBST Score' + totalScore + ' / 9' + 'Distress Subscale Score (items 5–9)' + distressScore + ' / 5' + 'Risk Stratification' + riskLevel + '' + '' + 'Interpretation: ' + riskDescription + '
' + 'Recommended Action: ' + recommendation + '
' + 'ⓘ This tool is for screening purposes only. Clinical judgment and full patient assessment are essential. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.
' + '';
var resultEl = document.getElementById('bac_result'); resultEl.style.display = 'block'; resultEl.innerHTML = resultHTML; }
#### Formula & Scoring
Based on the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) (Hill et al., 2008):
- Total Score = Sum of all 9 items (each scored 0 = Disagree, 1 = Agree; item 9 scored 0 = Not at all/Slightly, 1 = Moderately or worse). Range: 0–9.
- Distress Subscale Score = Sum of items 5–9 (psychosocial items). Range: 0–5.
Risk Stratification:
- Low Risk: Total score ≤ 3
- Medium Risk: Total score ≥ 4 AND Distress subscale ≤ 3
- High Risk: Total score ≥ 4 AND Distress subscale ≥ 4
#### Assumptions & References
- Reference: Hill JC, Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, et al. Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9802):1560–1571.
- Original validation: Hill JC, Dunn KM, Lewis M, et al. A primary care back pain screening tool: identifying patient subgroups for initial treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(5):632–641.
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