Encryption Overhead Performance Calculator

ANA›Life Services Authority›National Calculator Authority›Encryption Overhead Performance Calculator

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Encryption Overhead Performance Calculator

Estimates throughput reduction, latency increase, and CPU overhead introduced by common encryption algorithms based on data size, hardware, and algorithm choice.

Data Size (MB)

Baseline (Unencrypted) Throughput (MB/s)

Encryption Algorithm

AES-128-GCM AES-256-GCM AES-256-CBC ChaCha20-Poly1305 RSA-2048 (asymmetric, per-block) 3DES

Hardware AES Acceleration (AES-NI)?

Yes (modern CPU) No (software only)

CPU Cores Available for Encryption

CPU Frequency (GHz)

Calculate

Results will appear here.

function encCalc() { const resultDiv = document.getElementById('enc-result');

const dataSize = parseFloat(document.getElementById('enc-data-size').value); const baselineTput = parseFloat(document.getElementById('enc-baseline-throughput').value); const algorithm = document.getElementById('enc-algorithm').value; const hwAccel = document.getElementById('enc-hw-accel').value; const cores = parseInt(document.getElementById('enc-cpu-cores').value); const cpuFreq = parseFloat(document.getElementById('enc-cpu-freq').value);

// --- Input Validation --- if (isNaN(dataSize) || dataSize ⚠ Please enter a valid Data Size greater than 0.'; return; } if (isNaN(baselineTput) || baselineTput ⚠ Please enter a valid Baseline Throughput greater than 0.'; return; } if (isNaN(cores) || cores ⚠ CPU Cores must be at least 1.'; return; } if (isNaN(cpuFreq) || cpuFreq ⚠ Please enter a valid CPU Frequency greater than 0.'; return; }

/ * ─── Algorithm Parameters ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── * cpb = CPU cycles per byte (software baseline, single core) * cpbHW = CPU cycles per byte with AES-NI hardware acceleration * overheadFactor = fraction of baseline throughput achievable (0–1) * Sources: * - Intel AES-NI whitepaper: AES-128-GCM ~0.5 cpb with AES-NI, ~15 cpb software * - OpenSSL benchmarks: AES-256-GCM ~0.7 cpb HW, ~18 cpb SW * - ChaCha20-Poly1305: ~2.6 cpb (no HW accel benefit, optimised SIMD) * - 3DES: ~25 cpb (no HW accel) * - RSA-2048: modelled as fixed latency per 245-byte block (~2048-bit) / const algoParams = { aes128gcm: { cpbSW: 15.0, cpbHW: 0.50, label: 'AES-128-GCM' }, aes256gcm: { cpbSW: 18.0, cpbHW: 0.70, label: 'AES-256-GCM' }, aes256cbc: { cpbSW: 16.0, cpbHW: 0.60, label: 'AES-256-CBC' }, chacha20: { cpbSW: 2.6, cpbHW: 2.60, label: 'ChaCha20-Poly1305' }, rsa2048: { cpbSW: 800.0, cpbHW: 800.0,label: 'RSA-2048' }, '3des': { cpbSW: 25.0, cpbHW: 25.0, label: '3DES' }, };

const params = algoParams[algorithm]; const cpb = (hwAccel === 'yes') ? params.cpbHW : params.cpbSW;

/ * ─── Core Calculations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── * * 1. Encrypted Throughput per core (MB/s): * T_enc_core = (F_cpu × 10^9) / (cpb × 10^6) * = F_cpu × 1000 / cpb [MB/s] * where F_cpu is in GHz, cpb is cycles/byte. * * 2. Total encrypted throughput (multi-core, parallel streams): * T_enc = min(T_enc_core × cores, baselineTput) * Capped at baseline because the network/disk is the upper bound. * * 3. Throughput overhead percentage: * overhead_pct = ((baselineTput - T_enc) / baselineTput) × 100 * * 4. Baseline transfer time (s): * t_baseline = dataSize / baselineTput * * 5. Encrypted transfer time (s): * t_enc = dataSize / T_enc * * 6. Latency increase (s): * Δt = t_enc - t_baseline * * 7. CPU utilisation for encryption (single-core equivalent): * CPU cycles needed = dataSize × 10^6 bytes × cpb * CPU cycles available per second = F_cpu × 10^9 × cores * cpu_util = (dataSize × 10^6 × cpb) / (F_cpu × 10^9 × cores × t_enc) × 100 * = (cpb × 10^6) / (F_cpu × 10^9 / 1000) × 100 [simplifies] * Simplified: cpu_util = (T_enc / (F_cpu × 1000 / cpb × cores)) × 100 * More directly: cpu_util = (T_enc_needed / T_enc_available) × 100 * where T_enc_needed = dataSize / t_enc = T_enc (MB/s actual) * T_enc_available = T_enc_core × cores /

const cpuHz = cpuFreq * 1e9; // Hz const tEncCore = (cpuHz / (cpb * 1e6)); // MB/s per core const tEncTotal = Math.min(tEncCore * cores, baselineTput);

if (tEncTotal ⚠ Computed encrypted throughput is zero. Check inputs.'; return; }

const overheadPct = ((baselineTput - tEncTotal) / baselineTput) * 100; const tBaseline = dataSize / baselineTput; // seconds const tEnc = dataSize / tEncTotal; // seconds const deltaT = tEnc - tBaseline; // seconds

// CPU utilisation: fraction of total core capacity consumed by encryption const cpuUtil = Math.min((tEncTotal / (tEncCore * cores)) * 100, 100);

// Encryption throughput efficiency ratio const efficiencyRatio = tEncTotal / baselineTput;

// Format helpers
function fmt(v, d=2)
function fmtTime(s) {
if (s (AES-NI accelerated)'
(hwAccel === 'yes' ? ' (AES-NI not applicable for this algorithm)' : '');

resultDiv.innerHTML = ` ### Results for ${params.label}${hwNote}

Metric Value

Cycles per Byte (cpb) ${fmt(cpb, 2)} cycles/byte

Encrypted Throughput (per core) ${fmt(tEncCore, 1)} MB/s

Encrypted Throughput (${cores} core${cores>1?'s':''}) ${fmt(tEncTotal, 1)} MB/s

Baseline Throughput ${fmt(baselineTput, 1)} MB/s

Throughput Overhead 30?'red':overheadPct>10?'orange':'green'};font-weight:bold;"> ${fmt(overheadPct, 2)}%

Efficiency Ratio (enc/baseline) ${fmt(efficiencyRatio*100, 2)}%

Baseline Transfer Time (${fmt(dataSize,3)} MB) ${fmtTime(tBaseline)}

Encrypted Transfer Time ${fmtTime(tEnc)}

Latency Increase (Δt) 1?'red':deltaT>0.1?'orange':'green'};"> +${fmtTime(deltaT)}

CPU Utilisation (encryption only) 80?'red':cpuUtil>50?'orange':'green'};"> ${fmt(cpuUtil, 1)}%

ⓘ Throughput is capped at baseline (${fmt(baselineTput,1)} MB/s) — I/O or network is the upper bound. CPU utilisation reflects encryption workload only across ${cores} core(s) at ${cpuFreq} GHz.

`; }

#### Formulas Used

Encrypted Throughput per Core (MB/s): T_enc_core = (F_cpu [GHz] × 10⁹) / (cpb × 10⁶) = F_cpu × 1000 / cpb

Total Encrypted Throughput (MB/s): T_enc = min(T_enc_core × N_cores, T_baseline)

Throughput Overhead (%): Overhead = ((T_baseline − T_enc) / T_baseline) × 100

Transfer Times (s): t_baseline = DataSize / T_baseline t_enc = DataSize / T_enc Δt = t_enc − t_baseline

CPU Utilisation (%): CPU_util = (T_enc / (T_enc_core × N_cores)) × 100

#### Assumptions & References

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