Pennsylvania EV Tax Credit and Incentive Savings Calculator

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Pennsylvania EV Tax Credit and Incentive Savings Calculator

Estimate your total savings when purchasing or leasing an electric vehicle in Pennsylvania, including federal tax credits, state-level incentives, and utility rebates.

Vehicle Purchase Price ($)

Vehicle Type

New Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) New Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Used BEV (2+ years old) Used PHEV (2+ years old)

Battery Capacity (kWh)

Check your vehicle specs. PHEVs typically 7–25 kWh; BEVs typically 40–150 kWh.

Your Federal Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) ($)

Federal Tax Filing Status

Single Head of Household Married Filing Jointly Married Filing Separately

Estimated Federal Tax Liability ($)

The federal credit is non-refundable (new vehicles). It cannot exceed your tax liability.

Vehicle MSRP for Federal Cap Check ($)

Sedans/cars: must be ≤$55,000. SUVs/trucks/vans: must be ≤$80,000. Used: must be ≤$25,000.

Vehicle Category (for MSRP cap)

Sedan / Car / Wagon SUV / Truck / Van / Pickup

Pennsylvania Utility Provider

PECO Energy PPL Electric Utilities Duquesne Light Met-Ed (FirstEnergy) Penelec (FirstEnergy) West Penn Power (FirstEnergy) Other / None

Home EV Charger (EVSE) Installation Cost ($)

Typical Level 2 charger + installation: $500–$2,500.

Annual Miles Driven

Current Vehicle Fuel Economy (MPG)

Current Gas Price ($/gallon)

Your Electricity Rate ($/kWh)

Pennsylvania average ~$0.14/kWh. Check your utility bill.

EV Efficiency (miles per kWh)

Typical BEV: 3–4 miles/kWh. PHEV electric range varies.

Calculate My Savings

function penCalc() { // --- Gather Inputs --- const vehiclePrice = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-vehicle-price').value); const vehicleType = document.getElementById('pen-vehicle-type').value; const batteryKwh = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-battery-capacity').value); const agi = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-federal-agi').value); const filingStatus = document.getElementById('pen-filing-status').value; const taxLiability = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-federal-tax-liability').value); const msrp = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-msrp-cap-check').value); const vehicleCat = document.getElementById('pen-vehicle-category').value; const utility = document.getElementById('pen-utility-provider').value; const chargerCost = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-charger-cost').value) || 0; const annualMiles = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-annual-miles').value); const currentMpg = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-current-mpg').value); const gasPrice = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-gas-price').value); const elecRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-electricity-rate').value); const evEfficiency = parseFloat(document.getElementById('pen-ev-efficiency').value);

// --- Validation --- const errors = []; if (isNaN(vehiclePrice) || vehiclePrice 0) { document.getElementById('pen-result').innerHTML = 'Please fix the following:' + errors.map(e => '').join('') + ''; return; }

const isNew = vehicleType === 'new_bev' || vehicleType === 'new_phev'; const isUsed = vehicleType === 'used_bev' || vehicleType === 'used_phev'; const isBev = vehicleType === 'new_bev' || vehicleType === 'used_bev'; const isPhev = vehicleType === 'new_phev' || vehicleType === 'used_phev';

// ============================================================ // 1. FEDERAL TAX CREDIT (IRA 2022 — IRC §30D new / §25E used) // ============================================================ // AGI income limits (2024): // New: Single/MFS ≤ $150,000 | HoH ≤ $225,000 | MFJ ≤ $300,000 // Used: Single/MFS ≤ $75,000 | HoH ≤ $112,500 | MFJ ≤ $150,000 const newAgiLimits = { single: 150000, mfs: 150000, hoh: 225000, mfj: 300000 }; const usedAgiLimits = { single: 75000, mfs: 75000, hoh: 112500, mfj: 150000 }; const agiLimit = isNew ? newAgiLimits[filingStatus] : usedAgiLimits[filingStatus];

// MSRP caps: // New sedan ≤ $55,000 | New SUV/truck/van ≤ $80,000 | Used ≤ $25,000 const msrpCap = isUsed ? 25000 : (vehicleCat === 'suv' ? 80000 : 55000);

let federalCredit = 0; let federalNotes = [];

if (agi > agiLimit) { federalNotes.push('AGI exceeds the federal income limit for this vehicle type — federal credit: $0.'); } else if (msrp > msrpCap) { federalNotes.push('Vehicle MSRP exceeds the federal cap ($' + msrpCap.toLocaleString() + ') — federal credit: $0.'); } else { if (isNew) { // New vehicle: up to $7,500 // Credit = $2,500 base + $417 per kWh above 5 kWh, capped at $7,500 // For BEV: full $7,500 if battery ≥ 7 kWh (simplified IRA rule) // For PHEV: $2,500 + $417 × (batteryKwh - 5), min 0, max $7,500 let rawCredit; if (isBev) { rawCredit = batteryKwh >= 7 ? 7500 : 2500 + 417 * Math.max(0, batteryKwh - 5); } else { // PHEV rawCredit = batteryKwh >= 5 ? Math.min(7500, 2500 + 417 * (batteryKwh - 5)) : 0; } rawCredit = Math.min(7500, Math.max(0, rawCredit)); // Non-refundable: capped at tax liability federalCredit = Math.min(rawCredit, taxLiability); if (federalCredit 0 const utilityRebate = chargerCost > 0 ? utilityInfo.charger : 0;

// ============================================================ // 4. FEDERAL CHARGER TAX CREDIT (§30C — Alternative Fuel Refueling Property) // ============================================================ // Residential: 30% of charger + installation cost, max $1,000 (IRA 2022) // Non-refundable; must be in eligible census tract (low-income or non-urban) // The calculator computes the potential credit and note the census tract requirement. const chargerFederalCredit = chargerCost > 0 ? Math.min(1000, 0.30 * chargerCost) : 0;

// ============================================================ // 5. FUEL COST SAVINGS (Annual & 5-Year) // ============================================================ // Annual gas cost (current vehicle): // gasCost = (annualMiles / currentMpg) × gasPrice // Annual electricity cost (EV): // elecCost = (annualMiles / evEfficiency) × elecRate // Annual savings = gasCost − elecCost

const annualGasCost = (annualMiles / currentMpg) * gasPrice; const annualElecCost = (annualMiles / evEfficiency) * elecRate; const annualFuelSavings = annualGasCost - annualElecCost; const fiveYearFuelSavings = annualFuelSavings * 5;

// ============================================================ // 6. TOTAL FIRST-YEAR & 5-YEAR SAVINGS SUMMARY // ============================================================ const totalFirstYearSavings = federalCredit + paStateRebate + utilityRebate + chargerFederalCredit + annualFuelSavings - paEvSurcharge; const totalFiveYearSavings = federalCredit + paStateRebate + utilityRebate + chargerFederalCredit + fiveYearFuelSavings - (paEvSurcharge * 5);

// Effective vehicle cost after credits const effectiveVehicleCost = vehiclePrice - federalCredit - paStateRebate;

// ============================================================ // OUTPUT // ============================================================ let html = ''; html += '### Your Pennsylvania EV Savings Estimate ';

// Warnings if (federalNotes.length > 0) { html += 'Federal Credit Notes:' + federalNotes.map(n => '').join('') + ''; }

html += ''; html += 'Incentive / Savings ItemAmount';

// Federal credit html += 'Federal EV Tax Credit (IRC §30D / §25E)$' + federalCredit.toLocaleString('en-US', {minimumFractionDigits:2, maximumFractionDigits:2}) + '';

// PA state html += 'Pennsylvania State EV Rebate$0 (no active program as of 2024)';

// Utility charger rebate if (chargerCost > 0) { html += '' + utilityInfo.name + ' EV Charger Rebate$' + utilityRebate.toFixed(2) + ''; }

// Federal charger credit if (chargerCost > 0) { html += 'Federal §30C Charger Tax Credit (30% × $' + chargerCost.toLocaleString() + ', max $1,000)*$' + chargerFederalCredit.toFixed(2) + ''; }

// Fuel savings html += 'Annual Fuel Cost Savings (gas vs. electricity)$' + annualFuelSavings.toLocaleString('en-US', {minimumFractionDigits:2, maximumFractionDigits:2}) + ''; html += '5-Year Fuel Cost Savings$' + fiveYearFuelSavings.toLocaleString('en-US', {minimumFractionDigits:2, maximumFractionDigits:2}) + '';

// PA EV surcharge (cost) html += 'PA Annual EV Registration Surcharge (Act 89, 2024)−$' + paEvSurcharge.toFixed(2) + '/yr';

html += 'Total First-Year Net Savings$' + totalFirstYearSavings.toLocaleString('en-US', {minimumFractionDigits:2, maximumFractionDigits:2}) + ''; html += 'Total 5-Year Net Savings$' + totalFiveYearSavings.toLocaleString('en-US', {minimumFractionDigits:2, maximumFractionDigits:2}) + ''; html += '';

// Effective cost html += 'Effective Vehicle Cost After Federal Credit: $' + effectiveVehicleCost.toLocaleString('en-US', {minimumFractionDigits:2, maximumFractionDigits:2}) + '

';

// Fuel breakdown html += '#### Fuel Cost Breakdown '; html += ''; html += 'ItemAnnual Cost'; html += 'Current Gas Cost (' + annualMiles.toLocaleString() + ' mi ÷ ' + currentMpg + ' MPG × $' + gasPrice.toFixed(2) + ')$' + annualGasCost.toFixed(2) + ''; html += 'EV Electricity Cost (' + annualMiles.toLocaleString() + ' mi ÷ ' + evEfficiency + ' mi/kWh × $' + elecRate.toFixed(3) + ')$' + annualElecCost.toFixed(2) + ''; html += 'Annual Fuel Savings$' + annualFuelSavings.toFixed(2) + ''; html += '';

if (chargerCost > 0) { html += '* The §30C charger credit requires the property to be in a low-income or non-urban census tract (IRA 2022). Verify eligibility at IRS.gov.

'; }

html += ''; document.getElementById('pen-result').innerHTML = html; }

#### Formulas Used

Federal New Vehicle Credit (IRC §30D): Credit = min(Tax Liability, min($7,500, $2,500 + $417 × max(0, Battery kWh − 5))) Full $7,500 available for BEVs with ≥7 kWh battery. Subject to AGI and MSRP caps.

Federal Used Vehicle Credit (IRC §25E): Credit = min(Tax Liability, min($4,000, 30% × Purchase Price)) Subject to lower AGI limits and MSRP cap of $25,000.

Federal Charger Credit (IRC §30C): Credit = min($1,000, 30% × Charger + Installation Cost) Requires eligible census tract (low-income or non-urban).

Annual Fuel Savings: Gas Cost = (Annual Miles ÷ MPG) × Gas Price per Gallon EV Electricity Cost = (Annual Miles ÷ EV Efficiency mi/kWh) × Electricity Rate $/kWh Annual Savings = Gas Cost − EV Electricity Cost

Effective Vehicle Cost: Effective Cost = Purchase Price − Federal Credit − State Rebate

#### Assumptions & References

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References

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