Water Extraction Volume Calculator

ANA›Life Services Authority›National Calculator Authority›Water Extraction Volume Calculator

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Water Extraction Volume Calculator

Calculate the extractable water volume from an aquifer based on hydraulic conductivity, aquifer dimensions, hydraulic gradient, and time using Darcy's Law combined with storativity principles.

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) [m/day]

Typical values: Clay 0.0001–0.01, Sand 1–100, Gravel 100–1000 m/day

Hydraulic Gradient (i) [dimensionless]

Head difference divided by flow path length (typically 0.001–0.05)

Cross-Sectional Flow Area (A) [m²]

Width × saturated thickness of the aquifer perpendicular to flow

Storativity / Specific Yield (S) [dimensionless]

Confined aquifer: 0.00005–0.005 | Unconfined (specific yield): 0.05–0.35

Aquifer Plan Area (A_aq) [m²]

Horizontal surface area of the aquifer being depleted

Allowable Head Decline (Δh) [m]

Maximum permissible drawdown in the aquifer

Extraction Duration (t) [days]

Time period over which extraction occurs

Well Efficiency (η) [%]

Ratio of actual to theoretical yield (typically 70–95%)

Calculate Results will appear here.

function watCalc() { const K = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-conductivity').value); const i = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-gradient').value); const A = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-area').value); const S = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-storativity').value); const A_aq = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-aquifer-area').value); const dh = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-head-decline').value); const t = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-time').value); const eta = parseFloat(document.getElementById('wat-efficiency').value); const resEl = document.getElementById('wat-result');

// --- Validation --- if (isNaN(K) || K ❌ Hydraulic Conductivity must be a positive number.'; return; } if (isNaN(i) || i ❌ Hydraulic Gradient must be a positive number.'; return; } if (isNaN(A) || A ❌ Cross-Sectional Area must be a positive number.'; return; } if (isNaN(S) || S 0.5) { resEl.innerHTML = '❌ Storativity must be between 0.00001 and 0.5.'; return; } if (isNaN(A_aq) || A_aq ❌ Aquifer Plan Area must be a positive number.'; return; } if (isNaN(dh) || dh ❌ Head Decline must be a positive number.'; return; } if (isNaN(t) || t ❌ Duration must be a positive number.'; return; } if (isNaN(eta) || eta 100) { resEl.innerHTML = '❌ Well Efficiency must be between 1 and 100%.'; return; }

const etaFrac = eta / 100.0;

// --- Darcy Flow Rate: Q = K × i × A (m³/day) --- const Q_darcy = K * i * A;

// --- Darcy Volume over time: V_darcy = Q × t --- const V_darcy = Q_darcy * t;

// --- Storage Volume: V_storage = S × A_aq × Δh --- const V_storage = S * A_aq * dh;

// --- Sustainable extraction = lesser of Darcy flow volume and storage volume --- // (conservative approach: aquifer cannot supply more than stored AND flowing) const V_theoretical = Math.min(V_darcy, V_storage);

// --- Apply well efficiency --- const V_extractable = V_theoretical * etaFrac;

// --- Daily extraction rate (from Darcy, efficiency-adjusted) --- const Q_effective = Q_darcy * etaFrac;

// --- Unit conversions --- const V_m3 = V_extractable; const V_liters = V_extractable * 1000; const V_ML = V_extractable / 1000; const V_gallons = V_extractable * 264.172; const Q_lpm = (Q_effective * 1000) / (24 * 60); // liters per minute

// --- Warnings --- let warnings = ''; if (V_darcy 0.005 && S 0.1) { warnings += ''; } if (etaFrac ' + 'ParameterValue' + 'Darcy Flow Rate (Q)' + Q_darcy.toFixed(4) + ' m³/day' + 'Effective Flow Rate (Q × η)' + Q_effective.toFixed(4) + ' m³/day (' + Q_lpm.toFixed(2) + ' L/min)' + 'Darcy Volume over ' + t + ' days' + V_darcy.toFixed(2) + ' m³' + 'Aquifer Storage Volume (S × A_aq × Δh)' + V_storage.toFixed(2) + ' m³' + 'Theoretical Extractable Volume' + V_theoretical.toFixed(2) + ' m³' + 'Extractable Volume (with η=' + eta + '%)' + V_m3.toFixed(2) + ' m³' + 'Extractable Volume (Liters)' + V_liters.toLocaleString(undefined,{maximumFractionDigits:0}) + ' L' + 'Extractable Volume (Megalitres)' + V_ML.toFixed(4) + ' ML' + 'Extractable Volume (US Gallons)' + V_gallons.toLocaleString(undefined,{maximumFractionDigits:0}) + ' gal' + '' + (warnings ? '' + warnings + '' : ''); }

#### Formulas Used

1. Darcy's Law — Flow Rate:

Q = K × i × A

2. Darcy Volume over Time:

V_darcy = Q × t

3. Aquifer Storage Volume:

V_storage = S × A_aq × Δh

4. Theoretical Extractable Volume (conservative):

V_theoretical = min(V_darcy, V_storage)

5. Practical Extractable Volume:

V_extractable = V_theoretical × η

#### Assumptions & References

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References

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