Evacuation Route Time Estimator
ANA›Life Services Authority›National Calculator Authority›Evacuation Route Time Estimator
.calc-container { max-width: 640px; margin: 2rem 0; padding: 1.5rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif; } .calc-container h3 { font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #1a1a1a; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ac, #3d5a80); } .calc-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; flex-wrap: wrap; } .calc-row label { min-width: 160px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: #333; font-weight: 500; } .calc-row input[type="number"], .calc-row select { flex: 1; min-width: 120px; max-width: 200px; padding: 0.5rem 0.6rem; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 0.9rem; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; color: #1a1a1a; background: #fafaf8; } .calc-row input:focus, .calc-row select:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(26,74,138,0.12); } .calc-row .unit { font-size: 0.82rem; color: #888; min-width: 30px; } .calc-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding: 0.55rem 1.5rem; background: var(--ac, #3d5a80); color: #fff; border: none; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; } .calc-btn:hover { opacity: 0.9; } .calc-result { margin-top: 1.25rem; padding: 1rem 1.25rem; background: #f0f6fc; border-left: 3px solid var(--ac, #3d5a80); border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; display: none; } .calc-result.visible { display: block; } .calc-result-label { font-size: 0.78rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: #666; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; } .calc-result-value { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); } .calc-result-detail { font-size: 0.85rem; color: #555; margin-top: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.5; } .calc-note { margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #888; font-style: italic; } .calc-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0.75rem; margin-top: 0.75rem; } .calc-grid-item { padding: 0.6rem 0.8rem; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #eee; } .calc-grid-item .label { font-size: 0.75rem; color: #888; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em; } .calc-grid-item .value { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 600; color: #1a1a1a; } @media (max-width: 720px) { .calc-row { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.3rem; } .calc-row label { min-width: auto; } .calc-row input[type="number"], .calc-row select { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; } .calc-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } } .calc-chart { margin: 1rem 0; text-align: center; } .calc-chart svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } .calc-chart-legend { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 0.6rem 1.2rem; margin-top: 0.6rem; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #555; } .calc-chart-legend span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.3rem; } .calc-chart-legend i { display: inline-block; width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 2px; font-style: normal; } .calc-related { max-width: 640px; margin: 2rem 0 1rem; padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #e8e8e8; border-radius: 8px; } .calc-related h3 { font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 1rem; color: #1a1a1a; margin: 0 0 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0.4rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ac, #3d5a80); } .calc-related-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 0.75rem; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0.4rem 1.5rem; } .calc-related-list li a { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); text-decoration: none; } .calc-related-list li a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .calc-browse-all { margin: 0.5rem 0 0; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; } .calc-browse-all a { color: var(--ac, #3d5a80); text-decoration: none; } .calc-browse-all a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } @media (max-width: 720px) { .calc-related-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
Evacuation Route Time Estimator
Estimates total evacuation clearance time based on population size, vehicle occupancy, road network capacity, and route distance using traffic flow and queuing theory principles.
Total Population to Evacuate
people
Average Vehicle Occupancy
people/vehicle
Evacuation Compliance Rate
%
Number of Outbound Lanes
lanes
Lane Capacity (under evacuation)
vehicles/lane/hour
Evacuation Route Distance
km
Average Travel Speed (evacuation conditions)
km/h
Shadow Evacuation Factor
multiplier
Estimate Evacuation Time Results will appear here.
function evaCalc() { const resultDiv = document.getElementById('eva-result');
const population = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-population').value); const occupancy = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-occupancy').value); const compliance = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-compliance').value); const lanes = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-lanes').value); const capacity = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-capacity').value); const distance = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-distance').value); const speed = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-speed').value); const shadow = parseFloat(document.getElementById('eva-shadow').value);
// --- Validation --- const errors = []; if (isNaN(population) || population 100) errors.push("Compliance rate must be between 1 and 100%."); if (isNaN(lanes) || lanes 0) { resultDiv.innerHTML = 'Input Errors:' + errors.join('') + ''; return; }
// --- Core Calculations ---
// Effective evacuating population (compliance + shadow evacuees) const evacuatingPeople = population * (compliance / 100) * shadow;
// Total vehicles needed const totalVehicles = evacuatingPeople / occupancy;
// Total road capacity (vehicles per hour across all lanes) const totalCapacityPerHour = lanes * capacity;
// Loading time: time to discharge all vehicles onto the network (queuing clearance time) // T_load = Total Vehicles / Total Capacity [hours] const loadingTime = totalVehicles / totalCapacityPerHour;
// Travel time: time for last vehicle to traverse the route // T_travel = Distance / Speed [hours] const travelTime = distance / speed;
// Total clearance time = loading time + travel time // (last vehicle enters network after loading time, then travels the full route) const totalTimeHours = loadingTime + travelTime; const totalTimeMinutes = totalTimeHours * 60;
// Hours and minutes breakdown const hrs = Math.floor(totalTimeHours); const mins = Math.round((totalTimeHours - hrs) * 60);
// Demand-to-capacity ratio const dcRatio = totalVehicles / (totalCapacityPerHour * totalTimeHours);
// Congestion assessment let congestionLevel, congestionColor; if (dcRatio ' + '' + 'Evacuating Population (with shadow)' + Math.round(evacuatingPeople).toLocaleString() + ' people' + 'Total Vehicles Required' + Math.round(totalVehicles).toLocaleString() + ' vehicles' + 'Total Road Capacity' + totalCapacityPerHour.toLocaleString() + ' veh/hr' + 'Network Loading Time' + loadingTime.toFixed(2) + ' hrs (' + Math.round(loadingTime * 60) + ' min)' + 'Route Travel Time' + travelTime.toFixed(2) + ' hrs (' + Math.round(travelTime * 60) + ' min)' + 'Total Clearance Time' + hrs + ' hr ' + mins + ' min (' + totalTimeMinutes.toFixed(0) + ' min)' + 'Demand-to-Capacity Ratio' + (dcRatio * 100).toFixed(1) + '%' + 'Congestion Level' + congestionLevel + '' + ''; }
#### Formulas Used
1. Effective Evacuating Population: Peff = P × (C / 100) × S where P = total population, C = compliance rate (%), S = shadow evacuation factor
2. Total Vehicles: V = Peff / O where O = average vehicle occupancy (people/vehicle)
3. Total Road Capacity: Q = L × q where L = number of outbound lanes, q = lane capacity (veh/lane/hr)
4. Network Loading Time (Queuing Clearance): Tload = V / Q [hours] Time for all vehicles to enter and clear the road network
5. Route Travel Time: Ttravel = D / v [hours] where D = route distance (km), v = average speed (km/h)
6. Total Evacuation Clearance Time: Ttotal = Tload + Ttravel The last vehicle enters the network at Tload and arrives at the safe zone at Ttotal
7. Demand-to-Capacity Ratio: D/C = V / (Q × Ttotal)
#### Assumptions & References
- Based on the macroscopic traffic flow model and queuing theory used in FHWA evacuation planning guidance.
- Shadow evacuation accounts for people outside the mandatory zone who self-evacuate voluntarily; typical factors range from 1.1 to 2.0 (FHWA, 2006).
- Lane capacity under evacuation conditions is typically 1,200–1,800 veh/lane/hr, lower than normal due to anxiety, overloaded vehicles, and unfamiliar routes (HCM 6th Edition).
- Average vehicle occupancy during evacuations is approximately 2.0–2.8 people/vehicle (FHWA Evacuation Traffic Information System studies).
- Compliance rates vary widely: 70–90% for mandatory orders, 30–60% for voluntary orders (Baker, 1991; Dow & Cutter, 1998).
- Model assumes a single bottleneck route; multiple parallel routes require proportional capacity distribution.
- References: FHWA (2006) Evacuation Traffic Information Systems; TRB HCM 6th Ed.; Wolshon et al. (2005) Review of Policies and Practices for Hurricane Evacuation.
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